[1]
Lee, Y.S., Kim, J.W., Osborne, O., Ohda, Y., Sasik, R., et al. (2014) Increased Adipocyte O2 Consumption Triggers HIF-1α, Causing Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Obesity. Cell, 157, 1339-1352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.05.012
[2]
Jais, A., Einwallner, E., Sharif, O., Gossens, K., Lu, T.T., et al. (2014) Heme Oxygenase-1 Drives Metaflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mouse and Man. Cell, 158, 25-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.04.043
[3]
Heinrichsdorff, J. and Olefsky, J.M. (2012) Fetuin-A: The Missing Link in Lipid-Induced Inflammation. Nature Medicine, 18, 1182-1183.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2869
[4]
Ding, S., Chi, M.M., Scull, B.P., Rigby, R., Schwerbrock, N.M., et al. (2010) High-Fat Diet: Bacteria Interactions Promote Intestinal Inflammation Which Precedes and Correlates with Obesity and Insulin Resistance in Mouse. PLoS One, 5, e12191.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012191
[5]
Kim, K.A., Gu, W., Lee, I.A., Joh, E.H. and Kim, D.H. (2012) High Fat Diet-Induced Gut Microbiota Exacerbates Inflammation and Obesity in Mice via the TLR4 Signaling Pathway. PLoS One, 7, e47713.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047713
[6]
Asterholm, I.W., Tao, C., Morley, T.S., Wang, Q.A., Delga-do-Lopez, F., et al. (2014) Adipocyte Inflammation Is Essential for Healthy Adipose Tissue Expansion and Remodeling. Cell Metabolism, 20, 103-118.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.005
[7]
Zhao, L., Zhong, S., Qu, H., Xie, Y., Cao, Z., et al. (2015) Chronic Inflammation Aggravates Metabolic Disorders of Hepatic Fatty Acids in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Scientific Reports, 5, 10222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep10222
[8]
Perry, R.J., Zhang, D., Zhang, X.M., Boyer, J.L. and Shulman, G.I. (2015) Controlled-Release Mitochondrial Protonophore Reverses Diabetes and Steatohepatitis in Rats. Science, 347, 1253-1256.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaa0672
[9]
Hiernaux, J.R., Baker, P.J., Delisi, C. and Rudbach, J.A. (1982) Mod-ulation of the Immune Response to Lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Immunology, 128, 1054-1058.
[10]
Wells, M.T., Gaffin, S.L., Wessels, B.C., Brock-Utne, J.G., Jordaan, J.P., et al. (1990) Anti-LPS Antibodies Reduce Endotoxemia in Whole Body 60Co Irradiated Primates: A Preliminary Report. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine, 61, 802-806.
[11]
Kelly, D., Delday, M.I. and Mulder, I. (2012) Microbes and Microbial Effector Moleculesin Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders. Immunological Reviews, 245, 27-44.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2011.01079.x
[12]
Bao, F., Wu, P., Xiao, N., Qiu, F. and Zeng, Q.-P. (2012) Nitric Oxide-Driven Hypoxia Initiates Synovial Angiogenesis, Hyperplasia and Inflammatory Lesions in Mice. PLoS ONE, 7, e34494.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034494
[13]
Imajo, K., Fujita, K., Yoneda, M., Nozaki, Y., Ogawa, Y., et al. (2012) Hyperresponsivity to Low-Dose Endotoxin during Progression to Nonalcoholic Steatohepatis Is Regulated by Leptin-Mediated Signaling. Cell Metabolism, 16, 44- 54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2012.05.012
[14]
Petersen, A.M. and Pedersen, B.K. (2005) The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 98, 1154-1162.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00164.2004
[15]
Baker, R.G., Hayden, M.S. and Ghosh, S. (2011) NF-κB, Inflammation, and Metabolic Disease. Cell Metabolism, 13, 11-22.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2010.12.008
[16]
Clancy, R.M., Gomez, P.F. and Abramson, S.B. (2004) Nitric Oxide Sustains Nuclear Factor Kappa B Activation in Cytokine-Stimulated Chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 12, 552-558.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2004.04.003
[17]
Wang, D.T., He, J., Wu, M., Li, S.M., Gao, Q., et al. (2015) Artemi-sinin Mimics Calorie Restriction to Trigger Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Compromisetelomere Shortening in Mice. Peer Journal, 3, e822.
[18]
Pelletier, A. and Coderre, L. (2007) Ketone Bodies Alter Dinitrophenol-Induced Glucose Uptake through AMPK Inhibition and Oxidative Stress Generation in Adult Cardiomyocytes. American Journal of Physiologicaland Endocrinological Metabolism, 292, E1325-E1332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00186.2006
[19]
Hawley, S.A., Fullerton, M.D., Ross, F.A., Schertzer, J.D., Chevt-zoff, C., et al. (2012) The Ancient Drug Salicylate Directly Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. Science, 336, 918-922.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1215327
[20]
Ford, R.J., Fullerton, M.D., Pinkosky, S.L., Day, E.A., Scott, J.W., et al. (2015) Metformin and Salicylate Synergistically Activate Liver AMPK, Inhibit Lipogenesis and Improve Insulin Sensitivity. Biochemical Journal, 468, 125-132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20150125
[21]
Kapeller, R., Toker, A., Cantley, L.C. and Carpenter, C.L. (1995) Phos-phoinositide 3-Kinase Binds Constitutively to Alpha/Beta-Tubulin and Binds to Gamma-Tubulin in Response to Insulin. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 25985-25991.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.270.43.25985
[22]
Tsuchiya, K., Sakai, H., Suzuki, N., Iwashima, F., Yoshimoto, T., et al. (2007) Chronic Blockade of Nitric Oxide Synthesis Reduces Adiposity and Improves Insulin Resistance in High Fat-Induced Obese Mice. Endocrinology, 148, 4548-4556.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2006-1371
[23]
Shimizu, I., Aprahamian, T., Kikuchi, R., Shimizu, A., Papanicolaou, K.N., et al. (2014) Vascular Rarefaction Mediates Whitening of Brown Fat in Obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 124, 2099-2112.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI71643