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Articles
  • OpenAccess
  • Assessing Energy Efficiency of Port Operations in China—A Case Study on Sustainable Development of Green Ports  [QEC 2015]
  • DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.35005   PP.28 - 33
  • Author(s)
  • Haibo Wang, Da Huo, Jaime Ortiz
  • ABSTRACT
  • Recent joint report by World Bank Group and development research center of the State Council of China pointed out the importance of sustainable development of infrastructure in China. However, the most recent report by Natural Research Defense Council (Oct 0214) indicated that only a few port cities in China paid attention to the air pollution from ship and port activities. This study reports the finding of assessing energy efficiency of port operations in China based on the data from public domains by using the combination of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Panel Data Estimation (PDE). This study also exams the gap between the proposed green port evaluation index and actual guideline of port operations by local government. The aim of this study is to report the effectiveness of sustainable development policy and highlight the workable plans on improving energy efficiency with financial success.

  • KEYWORDS
  • Energy Efficiency, Pollution, Sustainable Development, Infrastructure, Green Ports, Data Envelopment Analysis, Panel Data Estimation
  • References
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    Council, N.R.D. (2014) Prevention and Control of Shipping and Port Air Emissions in China.
    [2]
    World Bank and Development Research Center of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (2014) Urban China: Toward Efficient, Inclusive, and Sustainable Urbanization. World Bank, Washington DC.
    [3]
    González, M.M. and Trujillo, L. (2009) Efficiency Measurement in the Port Industry: A Survey of the Empirical Evidence. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 43, 157-192.
    [4]
    Pak, J.-Y., Yeo, G.-T. and Coo, B. (2009) A Study on Selecting Green Indexes of a Seaport. International Journal of Navigation and Port research, 33, 653-657.
    [5]
    Esmemr, S., Ceti, I.B. and Tuna, O. (2010) A Simulation for Optimum Terminal Truck Number in a Turkish Port Based on Lean and Green Concept. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 26, 277-296.
    [6]
    Li, T.-G. and Yang, B. (2010) Study on Green Logistics Operation System of Port Based on AHP-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. 2010 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (IIS), 1, 175-178.
    [7]
    Notteboom, T. (2010) The Role of Intermodal Transport and Inland Terminals in “green” Port Strategy: Experiences from Europe. World Ocean Forum.
    [8]
    Wu, Y.-C.J. and Goh, M. (2010) Container Port Efficiency in Emerging and More Advanced Markets. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46, 1030-1042.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2010.01.002
    [9]
    Chang, C.-C. and Wang, C.-M. (2012) Evaluating the Effects of Green Port policy: Case Study of Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 17, 185-189.
    [10]
    Lam, J. and Notteboom, T. (2012) The Green Port Toolbox: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe. International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Conference, Taipei, September 2012.
    [11]
    Lam, J.S.L. and van de Voorde, E. (2012) Green Port Strategy for Sustainable Growth and Development. Transport Logistics for Sustainable Growth at a New Level, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA), 27- 30.
    [12]
    Nikitakos, N. (2012) Emissions Port. FME Transactions, 40, 201-206.
    [13]
    Wang, K., Ng, A.K., Lam, J.S.L. and Fu, X. (2012) Cooperation or Competition & Quest; Factors and Conditions Affecting Regional Port Governance in South China. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 14, 386-408.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/mel.2012.13
    [14]
    Chang, Y.-T., Song, Y. and Roh, Y. (2013) Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Port Vessel Operations at the Port of Incheon. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, 1-4.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.06.008
    [15]
    Dooms, M., Haezendonck, E. and Valaert, T. (2013) Dynamic Green Portfolio Analysis for Inland Ports: An Empirical Analysis on Western Europe. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 8, 171-185.
    [16]
    Peris-Mora, E., Orejas, J.D., Subirats, A., Ibá?ez, S. and Alvarez, P. (2005) Develop-ment of a System of Indicators for Sustainable Port Management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50, 1649-1660.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.048
    [17]
    Abood, K.A. (2007) Sustainable and Green Ports: Application of Sustainability Principles to Port Development and Operation. Ports 2007 Conference, ASCE.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40834(238)60
    [18]
    Corbett, J.J., Winebrake, J.J., Green, E.H., Kasibhatla, P., Eyring, V. and Lauer, A. (2007) Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment. Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 8512-8518.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071686z
    [19]
    Lee, D.-H., Cao, Z. and Meng, Q. (2007) Scheduling of Two-Transtainer Systems for Loading Outbound Containers in port Container Terminals with Simulated Annealing Algorithm. International Journal of Production Economics, 107, 115-124.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.08.003
    [20]
    Zhao, F.-M., Wang, D.-Z. and Wei, X. (2007) Strategic Environment Assessment of General Layout Planning of Port. Environmental Science & Technology, 7, 22.
    [21]
    Johnson, H. and Styhre, L. (2015) Increased Energy Efficiency in Short Sea Shipping Through Decreased Time in Port. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 71, 167-178.
    [22]
    Chiu, R.-H., Lin, L.-H. and Ting, S.-C. (2014) Evaluation of Green Port Factors and Performance: A Fuzzy AHP Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014.
    [23]
    Council, N.R.D. (2014) Prevention and Control of Shipping and Port Air Emissions in China.
    [24]
    World Bank and Development Research Center of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China (2014) Urban China: Toward Efficient, Inclusive, and Sustainable Urbanization. World Bank, Washington DC.
    [25]
    González, M.M. and Trujillo, L. (2009) Efficiency Measurement in the Port Industry: A Survey of the Empirical Evidence. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy (JTEP), 43, 157-192.
    [26]
    Pak, J.-Y., Yeo, G.-T. and Coo, B. (2009) A Study on Selecting Green Indexes of a Seaport. International Journal of Navigation and Port research, 33, 653-657.
    [27]
    Esmemr, S., Ceti, I.B. and Tuna, O. (2010) A Simulation for Optimum Terminal Truck Number in a Turkish Port Based on Lean and Green Concept. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 26, 277-296.
    [28]
    Li, T.-G. and Yang, B. (2010) Study on Green Logistics Operation System of Port Based on AHP-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation. 2010 2nd International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (IIS), 1, 175-178.
    [29]
    Notteboom, T. (2010) The Role of Intermodal Transport and Inland Terminals in “green” Port Strategy: Experiences from Europe. World Ocean Forum.
    [30]
    Wu, Y.-C.J. and Goh, M. (2010) Container Port Efficiency in Emerging and More Advanced Markets. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 46, 1030-1042.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2010.01.002
    [31]
    Chang, C.-C. and Wang, C.-M. (2012) Evaluating the Effects of Green Port policy: Case Study of Kaohsiung Harbor in Taiwan. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 17, 185-189.
    [32]
    Lam, J. and Notteboom, T. (2012) The Green Port Toolbox: A Comparison of Port Management Tools Used by Leading Ports in Asia and Europe. International Association of Maritime Economists (IAME) Conference, Taipei, September 2012.
    [33]
    Lam, J.S.L. and van de Voorde, E. (2012) Green Port Strategy for Sustainable Growth and Development. Transport Logistics for Sustainable Growth at a New Level, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA), 27- 30.
    [34]
    Nikitakos, N. (2012) Emissions Port. FME Transactions, 40, 201-206.
    [35]
    Wang, K., Ng, A.K., Lam, J.S.L. and Fu, X. (2012) Cooperation or Competition & Quest; Factors and Conditions Affecting Regional Port Governance in South China. Maritime Economics & Logistics, 14, 386-408.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/mel.2012.13
    [36]
    Chang, Y.-T., Song, Y. and Roh, Y. (2013) Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Port Vessel Operations at the Port of Incheon. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 25, 1-4.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2013.06.008
    [37]
    Dooms, M., Haezendonck, E. and Valaert, T. (2013) Dynamic Green Portfolio Analysis for Inland Ports: An Empirical Analysis on Western Europe. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 8, 171-185.
    [38]
    Peris-Mora, E., Orejas, J.D., Subirats, A., Ibá?ez, S. and Alvarez, P. (2005) Develop-ment of a System of Indicators for Sustainable Port Management. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50, 1649-1660.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.048
    [39]
    Abood, K.A. (2007) Sustainable and Green Ports: Application of Sustainability Principles to Port Development and Operation. Ports 2007 Conference, ASCE.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40834(238)60
    [40]
    Corbett, J.J., Winebrake, J.J., Green, E.H., Kasibhatla, P., Eyring, V. and Lauer, A. (2007) Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment. Environmental Science & Technology, 41, 8512-8518.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es071686z
    [41]
    Lee, D.-H., Cao, Z. and Meng, Q. (2007) Scheduling of Two-Transtainer Systems for Loading Outbound Containers in port Container Terminals with Simulated Annealing Algorithm. International Journal of Production Economics, 107, 115-124.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.08.003
    [42]
    Zhao, F.-M., Wang, D.-Z. and Wei, X. (2007) Strategic Environment Assessment of General Layout Planning of Port. Environmental Science & Technology, 7, 22.
    [43]
    Johnson, H. and Styhre, L. (2015) Increased Energy Efficiency in Short Sea Shipping Through Decreased Time in Port. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 71, 167-178.
    [44]
    Chiu, R.-H., Lin, L.-H. and Ting, S.-C. (2014) Evaluation of Green Port Factors and Performance: A Fuzzy AHP Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2014.

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